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Candlestick patterns guide

Doji, hammer, engulfing — what they mean, when they fail.

TL;DR

Candlesticks pack four data points (open, high, low, close) into one shape. Patterns of one or more candles describe momentum shifts. The most actionable: doji, hammer, engulfing, and shooting star.

Reading a single candle

Each candle tells a story between two timestamps. The body shows where price opened and closed; the wicks show how far it pushed before reverting.

  • Green body — closed higher than it opened (bullish session)
  • Red body — closed lower than it opened (bearish session)
  • Long wick — buyers or sellers were rejected at the extreme
  • Small body, long wicks — indecision

The four highest-signal patterns

Out of dozens of named patterns, these four pay rent.

  • Doji — open ≈ close. Indecision. Most useful at support/resistance after a trend.
  • Hammer — small body, long lower wick. Sellers pushed down, buyers reclaimed. Bullish at support.
  • Shooting star — small body, long upper wick. Mirror of hammer. Bearish at resistance.
  • Engulfing — second candle's body fully covers the previous candle. Strong momentum shift, especially after a trend.

Context is everything

Patterns work because of where they appear, not because of their shape alone. A hammer at a major support level after a 10% drop is meaningful; a hammer in the middle of nowhere is noise.

Worked example

Hammer at support on Ethereum

ETH has dropped from $4,000 to a known support level at $3,200.

  1. 1Open$3,205
  2. 2Low$3,150 (long wick)
  3. 3High$3,215
  4. 4Close$3,200 (small body)
  5. 5Volume1.4x average — confirms participation
  6. 6InterpretationSellers tried to break support, failed. Bullish hammer with volume.
Takeaway

Candles are most useful as decision filters at pre-defined levels — not signals you trade in isolation.

Common mistakes

What to avoid

  • !Memorising 80 candle pattern names without learning context
  • !Trading single-candle patterns without confirmation from the next candle
  • !Ignoring the time frame — a hammer on a 5-minute chart is much weaker than on the daily
  • !Treating green and red as 'good' and 'bad' instead of as opens vs closes
Self-check

Test yourself

Q1What's a hammer candle and when is it bullish?+

Small body with a long lower wick — bullish when it appears at support after a downtrend.

Q2Why does a doji at a major level mean more than a doji in the middle of a range?+

It signals indecision exactly where the market was supposed to make a decision.

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