Stock trading

How shares, exchanges, and trading actually work.

Candles, volume, time frames, and what to look for.

Price-to-earnings: the most cited valuation metric — and its limits.

Large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap — and why size matters.

Yield, payout ratio, ex-dividend date, and dividend aristocrats.

Allocation, diversification, and rebalancing.

Two philosophies, two playbooks, two return profiles.

Index funds, sector funds, leveraged ETFs — and how they trade.

When the market is open, when it's not, and the liquidity tradeoff.

Beats, misses, guidance, and why prices can fall on a 'good' report.